The present research work involves isolation and characterization of twenty-three compounds, including nineteen new compounds isolated from the extracts of four different plants. Various extracts of these plants have also been screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities.

Quercus Infectoria Olivier (Fabaceae) is a small tree, which yields galls that find extensive use as antiseptic, against inflammation and eczema, in the treatment of piles, dysentery and diarrhea. The compounds isolated from this plant include.

Ø A new protocatechuic acid ester, named as infectoyl ester [M+ 196, C10H12O4], characterized as 2,6-dimethylprotocatechuic acid methyl ester.

Ø A novel phenolic compound, named as quercanaphthalene [M+ 252, C12H12O6] characterized as 2-methyl-3-hydroxymethylene-4,5,6,7,8-pentahydroxy naphthalene.

Ø A new ellagic acid glycoside, named as quercoside [M+ 772, C32 H36 O22] characterised as ellagic acid-4-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl]-10-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl]-(4®1)-b-D-rhamnopyranoside.

Uraria lagopoides D.C. (Fabaceae) is a trailing perennial herb is prescribed as an alcoholic extract in inflammation of chest and remittent fever. It cures asthma, fevers, dysentery, delirium, ulcers and is good for tumors, malarial fevers, eye diseases and fractures of bones. The compounds isolated from this plant include.

Ø A new hydrocarbon, named as Urariane, [M+ 618, C44 H90], characterized as n-tetratetracontane

Ø A new molecule, designated as Uraroic acid A [M+ 554, C33 H62O6] characterized as n-7¢-carboxylic-heptacosanyl-glutarate.

Ø An unreported acidic compound, designated as Uraroic acid B [M+ 498, C30 H58O5] characterized as n-nonacosan-5-ol-1, 13-dioic acid.

Ø A novel sterol, called urariosterol [M+ 416, C29 H52O], characterized as 8,14-13,17-diseco-stigmast-5, 22 diene-3-a-ol

Ø An unknown acid, given the name Uraroic acid C [M+ 280, C17H28O3], identified as 4,12-dimethyl-n-tetradeca-6,8,10-trien-1-ol-3-oic acid.

Ø A known steroid glycoside, characterized as stigmasta-5-en-3-b-D-glucopyranoside [M+ 577, C35 H61O6]

Ø An unknown triterpene glycoside, given the name Urarialanostenoside [M+ 913, C48 H82O16] characterized as Lanost-9(11)-en-3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(4®1)-D-glucopyranosyl-(4®1)-D-glucopyranoside.

Astragalus hamosus Linn. (Fabaceae) An annual herb, has been reported to be emollient, demulcent, aphrodisiac, diuretic, laxative and good for inflammation, ulcers and leucoderma.

The compounds isolated from this plant include.

Ø An unknown hydrocarbon, named Hamosane [M+ 310, C22 H46], which was identified as 10-methyl-n-heneicosane.

Ø A known sterol, namely b-sitosterol [M+ 414, C29 H60O]

Ø A new phenolic molecule called Hamosol [M+ 164, C11 H16O] characterized as 2,3,4-trimethyl-5-ethyl phenol.

Ø A novel phenol designated as Astragalone [M+ 424, C26H32O5], characterized as 1-(n-undeca-3-on-yl)-3,4,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-antharacene.

Ø A known sterol glycoside i.e., b-sitosterol glycoside

Ø Hamosoic acid characterized as Benzene-2-acetaldehyde-1-oic-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside .

Ø Hamoside, characterized as 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl naphthalene.

Ø A known disaccharide identified as sucrose

Lavatera kashmeriana J.C (Malvaceae).The compounds isolated from this plant include.

Ø A new sesterpene, called Lavaterone [M+ 362, C25 H46O] identified as 11-(4,8,10-trimethyl decalinyl)-13,17-dimethyl decan-19-one.

Ø An unknown homoditerpene designated as Lavaterepene [M+ 306, C22 H42], characterized as 4,8,10-timethyl-9-(13,16-dimethyl heptanyl) decahydro-naphthalene.

Ø A new molecule named Lavateral, [M+ 230, C13 H11O4], identified as 2¢,3,3¢-trihydroxy-2-formyl biphenyl.

Ø A novel sterol glycoside named as Lavaterosterol [M+ 578, C35 H62O6] characterized as 8,14-seco-stigmasta-5-en-3b-ol-b-D-glucopyranoside.

Ø An unreported glucuronic acid derivative named as Lavateronic acid [M+ 274, C12 H18O7] characterised as 2,4,hexadienyl-1-b-D-glucuronic acid.

Various plant extracts were also evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activity.

Orally administered aqueous extracts (200 mg/Kg body wt.) of U. lagopoides and A. hamosus showed significant inhibition (62.54, 65.41, respectively) of carageenan induced rat paw edema in comparison to standard, indomethacin (76.68). They also showed marked inhibition (62.16, 60.71, respectively) of acetic acid induced writhing in mice in comparison to standard, acetyl salicylic acid (71.59). Orally administered alcoholic extracts of U. lagopoides, in doses 200 and 100 mg/Kg body wt. showed significant inhibition 70.25 and 60.13, respectively, of rat paw edema induced by carageenan. The orally administered alcoholic extracts of A. hamosus, in same doses inhibited the rat paw edema by 69.93 and 63.02 percent. Orally administered alcoholic extracts of U. lagopoides, in dosages 200 and 100 mg/Kg body wt. showed significant inhibition 65.99 and 59.24 of writhing induced by acetic acid, further alcoholic extracts of A. hamosus inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice by 67.16 and 58.35 percent, respectively.

The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of L. kashmeriana failed to show inhibition in both the tests.

Petroleum ether, chloroform and alcohol extracts of U. lagopoides, A. hamosus and L. kashmeriana in various concentrations were found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria, while as only the alcohol extracts of these plants showed significant activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Chloroform extract of L. kashmeriana also showed a weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria.